Alan Solomon with the University of Tennessee (“UT”) developed the 11-1F4 antibody, and the “ownership of the Antibody materials and associated materials are held by Plaintiff.” The Antibody is effective in treating amyloidosis.
In 2009, Solomon applied for and received two different orphan drug designations for two indications of the 11-1F4 Antibody. Defendant Caelum Biosciences, Inc. was founded to advance the clinical development research from Solomon. Plaintiff University of Tennessee Research Foundation alleged that Defendant’s “sole focus and mission was to commercialize the Antibody technology, which it has renamed to CAEL-101.”
Plaintiff entered into several different agreements relating to the Antibody. In 2013, Plaintiff entered an Inter-Institutional Agreement (“IIA”) with former party, The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York (“Columbia” or “Columbia University”), allowing it to work on clinical trials with respect to the Antibody.
According to Plaintiff, in 2017, Defendant “began publishing press releases containing false statements regarding the ownership of the 11-1F4 technology, [made] false disclosures on its website, and . . . [made] false disclosures with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration claiming that it had licensed the 11-14F4 technology from Columbia University and that [Defendant] was now the owner of the 11-14F4 Orphan Drug Designations.”
Defendant retained Neil J. Beaton, a certified public accountant, as its damages expert. University of Tennessee Research Foundation (“UTRF”) requested that the Court exclude several opinions of Neal J. Beaton pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 702.
Business Valuation Expert Witness
Neil Beaton is a Managing Director with Alvarez & Marsal Valuation Services in Seattle. He specializes in the valuation of public and privately held businesses and intangible assets for purposes of litigation support (lost profits claims, marriage dissolutions and others), acquisitions, sales, buy-sell agreements, ESOPs, incentive stock options and estate planning and taxation. He also performs economic analysis for personal injury claims, wrongful termination and wrongful death actions.
Discussion by the Court
Specifically, UTRF requests that the Court preclude Beaton from testifying that: (1) the release between UTRF and Columbia University “shows that UTRF itself did not regard the UTRF Assets … as having any value”; (2) “the evidence shows that UTRF itself placed little or no value on the UTRF Assets”; (3) “the alleged trade secrets UTRF has identified in this case are generally known in the industry and/or are readily ascertainable,” making damages unavailable; and/or (4) opining that UTRF only is entitled to damages of $371,600 if it prevails against Caelum in this lawsuit.
Beaton’s Opinions Regarding Plaintiff’s Purported Trade Secrets
Specifically, Plaintiff pointed to paragraphs 36, 44, and 45 of Beaton’s expert report. These paragraphs provided as follows:
36. This broad release of “all claims and liability” shows that UTRF itself did not regard the UTRF Assets as of June 12, 2017 as having any value.
44. Since UTRF essentially abandoned the UTRF Assets and Solomon transferred the Investigational New Drug (“IND”) for nothing in return, the evidence shows that UTRF itself placed little or no value on the UTRF Assets.
45. As I understand is detailed in other reports being served by Caelum, the alleged trade secrets UTRF has identified in this case are generally known in the industry and/or are readily ascertainable from publications, presentations, ATCC deposits, patents, and/or other proper means such that no real economic value would be obtained from their disclosure. Thus, it is my understanding that UTRF cannot recover damages for its trade secret misappropriation claim.
Beaton’s first two opinions would not assist the trier of fact
The Court found that the first and second opinions were not within Beaton’s specialized knowledge such that they would assist the trier of fact. Beaton acknowledged that his first opinion is based on the Court’s order dismissing Columbia from this case. And his second opinion is based on his interpretation of the facts of the case, including Solomon transferring the IND without compensation.
Beaton’s third opinion is not helpful to the jury
For his third opinion, Beaton stated that his understanding is that Plaintiff cannot recover damages because other experts have opined that Plaintiff’s purported trade secrets are generally known in the industry and/or are readily ascertainable. Plaintiff argued that this testimony is not helpful but additionally, it asserted that the “rules do not permit an expert to rely on opinions developed by another expert for purpose of litigation without independent verification of the underlying expert’s work.” Experts are permitted to rely on another expert’s opinion “[i]f experts in the particular field would reasonably rely on those kinds of facts or data in forming an opinion on the subject.”
Even so, the Court found Beaton’s testimony on this issue was not helpful to the jury. Beaton is essentially stating that if there are no trade secrets, Plaintiff’s damages are zero. But the jury need not hear from an economist to reach that conclusion. The Court therefore found Plaintiff’s arguments well taken on this ground.
The Reliability of Beaton’s Opinions
Plaintiff challenged Beaton’s alternative opinion that should Plaintiff prevail on its claims, it is entitled to only $371,600. It argued that “Beaton’s conclusion is based on incorrect facts and lumps together [Plaintiff’s] breach of contract and trade secret misappropriation claims,” rendering his opinion unreliable.
Plaintiff stated that in its Amended Complaint, it alleged that Defendant breached the Confidentiality Agreement executed on March 14, 2017, but in assessing damages on the breach of contract claim, Beaton used a date of January 1, 2017—more than two months before the contract existed. Plaintiff stated that his reliance on January 1, 2017, to calculate damages is unreliable.
Defendant responded that Beaton evaluated the UTRF Assets using the date of January 1, 2017, because this is when the 2017 Caelum/Columbia Agreement was executed. Beaton explained that choosing a different date would not affect his damages calculation. Plaintiff argued that although it has separate claims for breach of contract and trade secret misappropriation, “Beaton did not provide separate damages opinions for these claims.”
The Court could not conclude that Beaton’s opinions were unreliable or unhelpful simply because he performed an aggregate damages calculation. Plaintiff cited no authority for the proposition that an aggregated damages calculation is inherently unreliable, and to the extent the jury finds Defendant liable on the trade secret misappropriation claim and the breach of contract claim, Beaton’s opinions are helpful. The Court found cross examination and jury instructions are more appropriate than exclusion on these grounds.
Held
To conclude, the Court granted in part and denied in part the Plaintiff’s Daubert motion to exclude the testimony of Neil J. Beaton.
Key Takeaways:
- Experts are permitted to rely on another expert’s opinion “if experts in the particular field would reasonably rely on those kinds of facts or data in forming an opinion on the subject.”
- The Court found that Beaton’s opinions regarding the value or lack thereof of Plaintiff’s trade secrets are not helpful to the jury.
- At the same time, the Court found Beaton’s damages calculation reliable and helpful.
- Moreover, Beaton essentially stated that if there are no trade secrets, Plaintiff’s damages are zero. The Court held that this type of conjecture claiming ‘if there was no violation, there are no damages’ does not require expert testimony; it is a rhetorical argument to make to the jury.”
Case Details:
| Case Caption: | University Of Tennessee Research Foundation V. Caelum Biosciences, Inc. |
| Docket Number: | 3:19cv508 |
| Court: | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee |
| Order Date: | July 11, 2024 |
